Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Kemal Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal Pashauntil , Kamâl Atatürk from to , commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; – 10 November ) was a Turkishfield marshal and revolutionarystatesman who was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. His benevolent dictatorship undertook sweeping progressivereforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories became known as Kemalism. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded according to studies as one of the greatest leaders of the 20th century.
Quotes
[edit]- Men, I am not ordering you to attack. I am ordering you to die. In the time that it takes us to die, other forces and commanders can come and take our place.
- Orders to the 57th Infantry Regiment during the Gallipoli campaign (25 April ); as quoted in Studies in Battle Command by Combat Studies Institute, US Army Command and General Staff College, p. 89; also quoted in Turkey () by Verity Campbell, p.
- Variant translation: I am not ordering you to fight, I am ordering y
Mustafa Ataturk
Founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey Date of Birth:
Country: Turkey
Content:- Biography of Mustafa Ataturk
- Early Career and Political Activism
- Military Achievements
- Turkish War of Independence and Presidency
- Foreign Policy and Legacy
Biography of Mustafa Ataturk
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, was born on March 12, , in Salonika. He was given the name Mustafa at birth and earned the nickname Kemal, meaning "perfection," during his time at military school due to his mathematical abilities. The title Ataturk, meaning "Father of the Turks," was bestowed upon him by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in
Early Career and Political Activism
Ataturk utilized his position in the army to engage in political agitation. Between and , he established several secret societies to combat corruption within the government and the military. However, during the revolution, Ataturk's views diverged from those of the Young Turk leader, Enver Pasha, and he stepped away from political activities.
Military Achievements
Ataturk participated in the Italo-Turkish War of and the Second Balk
Kemal Atatürk ()
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, c. ©Atatürk was a Turkish nationalist leader and founder and first president of the republic of Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in in Salonika (now Thessaloniki) in what was then the Ottoman Empire. His father was a minor official and later a timber merchant. When Atatürk was 12, he was sent to military school and then to the military academy in Istanbul, graduating in
In , he served against the Italians in Libya and then in the Balkan Wars ( - ). He made his military reputation repelling the Allied invasion at the Dardanelles in
In May , Atatürk began a nationalist revolution in Anatolia, organising resistance to the peace settlement imposed on Turkey by the victorious Allies. This was particularly focused on resisting Greek attempts to seize Smyrna and its hinterland. Victory over the Greeks enabled him to secure revision of the peace settlement in the Treaty of Lausanne.
In , Atatürk established a provisional government in Ankara. The following year the Ottoman Sultanate was formally abolished and, in , Turkey became a secular republic with Atatürk as its president. He established a single party regime that lasted
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
()
Who Was Mustafa Kemal Ataturk?
As a young man, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was involved with the Young Turks, a revolutionary group that deposed the sultan in Ataturk led the Turkish War of Independence and signed the Treaty of Lausanne in , which made Turkey a republic. He was elected its first president and ushered in reforms that modernized Turkey.
Early Life
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born simply "Mustafa" in the early months of , in Salonika, in what was then the Ottoman Empire (his birthplace is now known as Thessalonika, in modern-day Greece). When he was 12 years old, Mustafa was sent to the military academy in Istanbul. There, his mathematics teacher gave him the name Kemal — meaning "perfection"— because he excelled in academics. He graduated in
Military Career
As a young man, Mustafa Kemal became a member of the Young Turks, a revolutionary movement of intellectuals. He participated in the Young Turk Revolution of July , which successfully deposed Sultan Abdülhamid II. From to , Mustafa Kemal held a number of posts in the Ottoman army. He fought against Italy in the Italo-Turkish War in and from he fought in the Balkan
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- Variant translation: I am not ordering you to fight, I am ordering y
- Orders to the 57th Infantry Regiment during the Gallipoli campaign (25 April ); as quoted in Studies in Battle Command by Combat Studies Institute, US Army Command and General Staff College, p. 89; also quoted in Turkey () by Verity Campbell, p.