Banna, Hasan Al- (–)
Hasan al-Banna was an Islamic reformer and the founder of Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood). Banna was born in Mahmudiyya, a town near Alexandria, Egypt. In addition to receiving the traditional education in Qur˒an, hadith, elementary principles of law, and Arabic language, Banna became a member of the Hasafiyya Sufi order during his teen years. Although members of the Brotherhood would later attack Sufism, Banna always acknowledged the strong influence of Sufism in his religious outlook and social activism.
In , Banna enrolled in Dar al-˓Ulum in Cairo, the national teachers' training college, whose eclectic curriculum of traditional Islamic and modern Western subjects had been shaped by Muhammad ˓Abduh and Rashid Rida. In , he was sent to his first teaching assignment in a primary school in Isma˓iliyya. Located in the Suez Canal zone, Isma˓iliyya was home to large numbers of European civilians as well as British military personnel. Banna was exposed daily to foreign imperialism in a direct manner that he had not experienced in Cairo. He began to question the reasons for Egypt's political subservience and the means for its revival. Only through a re
Who was the architect of Islamism?
In the late nineteenth century, great swathes of the Islamic world were under Western colonial rule. This presence was particularly marked in Egypt. British rule in Egypt began in and lasted for several decades. France was involved in the Suez Canal Company and also had considerable cultural influence on the educated secular class in Egypt.
While the confrontation with European ideas and behaviours led to a hardening of conservative Islamic attitudes among the devout, reform-oriented groups were open to the momentum for modernisation and sought to re-evaluate their own traditions with a view to making Egyptian society "more Islamic".
Hasan al-Banna, who was born in in a small town called Mahmoudiyah not far from Alexandria, was filled with a similar sense of mission in his younger years. In , he founded the Muslim Brotherhood in the city of Ismailia on the banks of the Suez Canal. In the two decades that followed, the brotherhood became an important player in Egyptian society. The organisation did not lose any of its significance, even when it was subjected to massive repression after the assassination of its founding father in This repressi
HASAN AL-BANNA AND HIS POLITICAL THOUGHT OF ISLAMIC BROTHERHOOD
Perhaps the most sophisticated approach to the ideology of Pan-Islam, in the new situation of Nationalism-bound Egypt of the s and s, was developed by Hassan al-Banna, The founder, in and general guide of The Muslim Brethren (Jami’ah Ikhwan Muslimin). Al-Banna was chiefly responsible for formulating the policies of this association. Although these were largely concerned with domestic affairs of Egypt, and subsequently of the other countries, in which branches were established, the idea of universal muslim state was constantly implied due to the association’s focus on Islam. While strongly disapproving of local brands of Nationalism, particularly if they were Western-inspired and secularly-minded, Banna developed his vision of Pan-Islamic Nationalism, insisting that Islam and Nationalism were complementary, especially when the latter operated within the parameter of the Islamic truth, since, for the Muslim Brethren, Islam was of course both religion and state.
Here we need to analyze what was the basic concept from which Hassan al-Banna initiated to establish such Islamic organization. Then we would also explore
the civilization of the West, which was brilliant by virtue of its scientific perfection for a long time, and which subjugated the whole world with the products of this science to its states and nations, is now bankrupt and in decline.5
Furthermore, he believed the West's malady was afflicting the Muslim world, weakening and corrupting it, and "anaesthetising" its faith.6 He created the Jamaat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Society of the Muslim Brotherhood, MB) in in the wake of the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate, with the aim of revitalising that faith. The eventual objective was to establish a Government that ruled "on the basis
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