Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0–18 Months)
During infancy, children rely entirely on caregivers for support and consistency.
If their needs (food, comfort, affection) are consistently met, the infant typically develops a sense of trust, believing the world is safe and predictable.
Conversely, unpredictable or neglectful care leads to mistrust and anxiety.
- Conflict: Trust vs. Mistrust
- Age Range: Birth to about 18 months
- Key Activity: Feeding and consistent caregiving
- Virtue Gained: Hope
- Possible Negative Outcome: If unresolved, the infant may grow into an anxious child who views the world as unreliable.
Here&#;s the conflict:
Trust: If the caregiver is reliable, consistent, and nurturing, the child will develop a sense of trust, believing that the world is safe and that people are dependable and affectionate.
This sense of trust allows the child to feel secure even when threatened and extends into their other relationships, maintaining their sense of security amidst potential threats.
Mistrust: Conversely, if the caregiver fails to provide consistent, adequate care and affection, the child may develop a sense of mistrust and insecurity.
Th
The Life And Work Of Psychologist Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson was an influential psychologist who made substantial contributions to the realms of developmental psychology, identity formation, and cultural anthropology. Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development helped shape our understanding of the way children develop. Learning about Erikson’s developmental stage model can help us remain cognizant of how personal growth and identity formation may occur in our lives. Below, we’re examining Erikson’s stages of development, covering his life and discussing his enduring impact on the landscape of developmental psychology.
Erik Erikson’s early life and career
Erik Erikson was born in in Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany. Erikson was originally named Erik Salomonsen, then Erik Homburger, after his stepfather. Eventually, he created his own last name, Erikson. While working in Vienna, he met Anna Freud, the youngest child of Sigmund Freud (known for his theory of human personality that it is comprised of, ego, superego, and id psychology), who inspired him to pursue a research career in psychoanalysis.
In , he married Joan Mowat Serson, who changed her name to Joan Mowat Erikson when E
Erikson’s 8 Stages of Personality Development (A comprehensive guide)
In this brief guide, we will look at Erikson’s 8 stages of personality development, as well as some real life examples of the 8 stages in erikson’s psychosocial theory.
Erikson’s 8 Stages of Personality Development
Erik Erikson’s 8 stages of personality is a psychosocial theory of personality development that takes the lifespan approach, that is, he considers personality as something that grows over time and changes according to the stages of life.
Erikson’s 8 Stages of personality development are:
- Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
- Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
- Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
- Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
- Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair
Erikson says that these personality stages are dependent on the social context of the individual, and the person develops according to the challenges they face in each area and stage of life.
The reason this theory is called psychosocial is because it exists as an interplay of the social context and the person’s own psychological factors accor
Understanding Psychosocial Development
Psychosocial development describes how a person's personality develops, and how social skills are learned from infancy through adulthood. In the s, psychologist Erik Erikson published his theory about the eight stages of psychosocial development. Erikson believed that during each stage, a person experiences a "psychosocial crisis" that either has a positive or negative effect on that person's personality.
This article discusses Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, as well as criticism of his theory.
The Principles of Psychosocial Development
According to Erikson, an individual's personality and social skills develop in eight stages, which cover the entire life span. At each stage, a person is faced with a psychosocial crisis—critical issues—that need to be resolved. The person's personality is shaped by the way they respond to each of these crises. If they react positively, a new virtue (moral behavior) is gained.
The Stages of Psychosocial Development
The eight stages of psychosocial development are:
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- Autonomy vs. Shame
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inf
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