American Scientists, collection of 5 stamps
Is Your Famous Americans Series Missing the American Scientists?
American Scientists:
John James Audubon () – painted, cataloged and described over North American bird species
Dr. Crawford W. Long () – one of the first doctors to use ether as an anesthetic
Luther Burbank () – used cross pollination to create new plants, such as the Burbank potato, primus berry and Shasta daisy
Walter Reed () – discovered yellow fever is transmitted through mosquitoes, and found new ways to control the bugs and the spread of the disease
Jane Addams () – research helped introduce first eight-hour law for women workers, child labor laws and housing and juvenile court reforms
Famous Americans Series Begins
On January 29, , the US Post Office Department issued the first stamps in the Famous Americans Series.
In , the Post Office Department announced plans for a series of stamps recognizing 10 famous Americans and invited the public to submit recommendations. The response was so great that it was decided to increase the number from 10 to This required an unexpected level of organization by the Post Office Dep
Crawford W Long M D
Danielsville in Madison County, Georgia &#; The American South (South Atlantic)
Photographed by David Seibert, April 16,
1. Crawford W Long M D Marker, Front
Crawford W Long M D. . , Front:, Discoverer of the use of sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic in surgery on March 30, at Jefferson, Jackson County, Georgia, U.S.A., Born at Danielsville, Georgia Nov. 1, , Died at Athens, Georgia June 16, , &#;My profession is to me a ministry from God&#;, Rear:, Erected by the State of Georgia, Eugene Talmadge, Governor, Memorial Committee, L.M. Smith, Chairman , Mrs. Helen Williams Coxon, Sec’y , J.L. Fortson , Mrs. T.W. Reed , L.G. Hardman, Jr. , W.H. Compton, Commissioner , Madison County . This historical marker was erected by State of Georgia. It is in Danielsville in Madison County Georgia
Front:
Discoverer of the use of sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic in surgery on March 30, at Jefferson, Jackson County, Georgia, U.S.A.
Born at Danielsville, Georgia Nov. 1,
Died at Athens, Georgia June 16,
&#;My profession is to me a ministry from God&#;
Rear:
Erected by the State of Geor
Artist: E.M. Long; oil on board
Long was born in Danielsville, Madison County, Georgia on November 1, He received his M.D. degree at the University of Pennsylvania in After observing the same physiological effects with diethyl ether (&#;ether&#;) that Humphry Davy had described for nitrous oxide in , Long used ether for the first time on March 30, to remove a tumor from the neck of a patient, James M. Venable, in Jefferson, Georgia. Long subsequently removed a second tumor from Venable and used ether as an anesthetic in amputations and childbirth. The results of these trials were published in in The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal.
Crawford Long was a member of the Demosthenian Literary Society while a student at the University of Georgia and shared a room with Alexander Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Long was a cousin of the western legend, Doc Holliday.
Long died in Athens, Georgia in The Emory University-operated Crawford W. Long Hospital in downtown Atlanta was named
History of Anesthesia
The primary motive was to save countless lives that were lost every year by diseases and conditions unknown to the physicians of the time. This led to the increased practice of surgery which was often hindered by the excruciating pain it brought to the patients.
In an effort to relieve pain during surgery, surgeons employed all kinds of means they could. Some used derivatives of herbs and plant extracts like opium and marijuana and others preferred alcohol concoctions to knock out a patient. Some even went as far to consider physically placing a blow on the head to render unconsciousness. Such processes were arbitrary and often rendered detrimental consequences emphasizing the need of an effective anesthetic agent.
History of Surgical Anesthesia
Research on modern techniques to reduce surgical pain began when an English scientist Joseph Priestley () discovered that inhalation of nitrous oxide might relieve pain. Others followed suit and dug up other gases like carbon dioxide which produced similar effects. Cocaine injections in the eye, mouth and other areas of body were also found useful in blocking nerve impulses. However, nitrous oxide and diethyl
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